How do you use et al in a research paper?
In subsequent citations, only use the first author’s last name followed by “et al.” in the signal phrase or in parentheses. In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Six or More Authors: Use the first author’s name followed by et al. in the signal phrase or in parentheses.
When to use et al in a paper?
Academic writing is full of little conventions that may seem opaque to the uninitiated. One of these is the Latin phrase et al., an abbreviation meaning and others. It is used to shorten lists of author names in text citations to make repeated referencing shorter and simpler.
How do you use et al?
List only the first author’s name followed by et al. in every citation, even the first, unless doing so would create ambiguity between different sources. In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Only “al” should be followed by a period.
How do you cite more than 7 authors in APA in text?
If you are citing a source that has multiple authors, follow these basic steps.2 Authors: Always cite both authors’ names in-text everytime you reference them. 6 or More Authors: If a document has six or more authors, simply provide the last name of the first author with “et al.” from the first citation to the last.
Can I use et al in an email?
Dear and hello are warm, positive words. Et al., the abbreviation of et alii, is about as friendly as a flu shot. They don’t fit well together. The use of et al. is not standard in greetings, so people will stumble over it, wondering whether they missed an important new rule somewhere.
Is there a comma before et al in APA?
When there are three to five authors, use all of their last names in the first citation, and afterwards use the first author’s name with et al. Use commas to separate the names, use an ampersand (&) instead of “and,” and place a comma before the date.
Can you use et al in APA?
Only include the first author’s last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018). …
Can you use et al for 3 authors Harvard?
If the work has four or more authors/editors the abbreviation ‘et al. It is also acceptable to use ‘et al. ‘ after the first author if the work has three authors.
Should et al be in italics?
Latin and italics: “et al.” is not italicized or underlined (van Leunen, p. 27: “Write it without either underlining or italics.”; Chicago Manual of Style 7.56: “Commonly used Latin words and abbreviations should not be italicized.
Do you need page numbers in Harvard referencing?
It is compulsory to include the page number(s) with a quote from a source which has numbered pages, such as a book or a journal article. If the original source does not have page numbers (e.g. a website) then you do not have to include them. Page numbers are optional for other forms of citation.
Where do you put page numbers in Harvard referencing?
You must include the page number(s) if you are paraphrasing the reference or quoting it, e.g. “The universe has…” (Dawkins 2012, p. 226). If you use the author’s name in your sentence because they are well-known, then place the year of publication and page number in brackets after the name, e.g. Dawkins (2012, p.
What should I cite if there is no author?
In-Text Citations:Citations are placed in the context of discussion using the author’s last name and date of publication.When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the article title using double quotation marks, “headline” style capitalization, and the year.